ELEVEN SPHERES YOU SHOULD KNOW MORE

*i resume this for some sources. Hope it will help anyone who want to know more about those eleven spheres.

List of Content :

CULTURE

ECONOMY

EDUCATION

ENVIRONMENT

FAMILY

FINANCE

MEDIA

POLITICS

RELIGION and SPIRITUALITY

SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY

SPORTS

CULTURE

Social behaviour and norms found in human societies. Material culture is a physical expressions of culture such as (Art, technology, Architecture); and Immaterial Culture , intangible principles of social organization such as : ( Mythology, Philosophy, Science).

Culture as  shared patterns of behaviors and interactions, cognitive constructs and understanding that are learned by socialization. Thus, it can be seen as the growth of a group identity fostered by social patterns unique to the group.

Raimon Panikkar, A Roman Catholic priest who specialized in comparative religion,  identified 29 ways in which cultural change can be brought about, including growth, development, evolution, involution, renovation, reconception, reform, innovation, revivalism, revolution, mutation, progress, diffusion, osmosis, borrowing, eclecticism, syncretism, modernization, indigenization, and transformation.

QUESTIONS :

+ Is Culture formed or is it a history !
+ Can Culture be changed.
+ can it be a specific person's Culture.
+ is different culture in a group/team/friends good or bad
+ is Organization culture different from the Culture of a employee working in that organization.
+ Can a individual have his own culture or develop his own culture or change his culture.(if Attitude, values and beliefs are mentioned as culture.)

ECONOMY

An economy is the large set of inter-related production and consumption activities that aid in determining how scarce resources are allocated. This is also known as an economic system.

An Economy is an area of the production, distribution, or trade, and consumption of goods and services by different agents.  'The economy is defined as a social domain that emphasizes the practices, discourses, and material expressions associated with the production, use, and management of resources'.

Originally, the study of how people worked together to use resources for the production of good was called political economy, and the men (almost exclusively) who theorized the economy were called "political philosophers."

Economic agents can be individuals, businesses, organizations, or governments. Economic transactions occur when two parties agree to the value or price of the transacted good or service, commonly expressed in a certain currency. However, monetary transactions only account for a small part of the economic domain.

Economic activity is spurred by production which uses natural resources, labor, and capital. It has changed over time due to technology; innovation; such as, that which produces intellectual property and changes in industrial relations.

The study of economies and the factors affecting economies is called economics. The discipline of economics can be broken into two major areas of focus, microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics studies the behavior of individuals and firms in order to understand why they make the economic decisions they do and how these decisions affect the larger economic system. It focuses on specific industries and markets, rather than on the market as a whole. Macroeconomics, on the other hand, studies the entire economy, focusing on large-scale decisions and issues, including unemployment and gross domestic product (GDP). Macroeconomics can be used on a national scale to a global scale.

 EDUCATION

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits.

Education build skills and boost confidence. With education, you can catch cup, learn more, and get ahead.

Education makes you able to question everything that happenned to you. It Gives you the ability to make choices about your life. Education is a process to learn how to think, what to think, and be a critical thinker. Education brings out one’s talent and skills so can make a positive impacts to the world. (all of these are the opinions of 4th ASEM Rectors' Conference and Students' Forum #ARC4)

ENVIRONMENT

Environment is everything that is around us. It can be living or nonliving things. It includes physical, chemical and other natural forces.

Environment includes the living and nonliving things that an organism interacts with, or has an effect on it. Living elements that an organism interacts with are known as biotic elements: animals, plants, etc., abiotic elements are non living which include air, water, sunlight etc.

Studying the environment means studying the relationships among these various things. An examples of interactions between non-living and living things is plants getting their minerals from the soil and making food using sunlight.

FAMILY

In the context of human society, a family is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth), affinity (by marriage or other relationship), or co-residence . In most societies, the family is the principal institution for the socialization of children.

One of the primary functions of the family involves providing a framework for the production and reproduction of persons biologically and socially. This can occur through the sharing of material substances (such as food); the giving and receiving of care and nurture (nurture kinship); jural rights and obligations; and moral and sentimental ties.

FINANCE

Finance is a field that deals with the study of investments. It includes the dynamics of assets and liabilities over time under conditions of different degrees of uncertainties and risks. Finance can also be defined as the science of money management.

Finance can be broken into three sub-categories: public finance, corporate finance and personal finance.

Financial economics is the branch of economics studying the interrelation of financial variables, such as prices, interest rates and shares, as opposed to goods and services.

Personal Finance :

Financial position: is concerned with understanding the personal resources available by examining net worth and household cash flows.

Adequate protection: the analysis of how to protect a household from unforeseen risks. These risks can be divided into the following: liability, property, death, disability, health and long term care. Some of these risks may be self-insurable, while most will require the purchase of an insurance contract.

Tax planning: typically the income tax is the single largest expense in a household. Managing taxes is not a question of if you will pay taxes, but when and how much. Government gives many incentives in the form of tax deductions and credits, which can be used to reduce the lifetime tax burden. Most modern governments use a progressive tax. Typically, as one's income grows, a higher marginal rate of tax must be paid. Understanding how to take advantage of the myriad tax breaks when planning one's personal finances can make a significant impact in which it can later save you money in the long term

Investment and accumulation goals: planning how to accumulate enough money – for large purchases and life events – is what most people consider to be financial planning. Major reasons to accumulate assets include purchasing a house or car, starting a business, paying for education expenses, and saving for retirement.

Retirement planning is the process of understanding how much it costs to live at retirement, and coming up with a plan to distribute assets to meet any income shortfall. Methods for retirement plans include taking advantage of government allowed structures to manage tax liability including: individual (IRA) structures, or employer sponsored retirement plans, annuities and life insurance products.

Estate planning involves planning for the disposition of one's assets after death. Typically, there is a tax due to the state or federal government at one's death. Avoiding these taxes means that more of one's assets will be distributed to one's heirs. One can leave one's assets to family, friends or charitable groups.

MEDIA

Media are the collective communication outlets or tools used to store and deliver information or data. It is either associated with communication media, or the specialized mass media communication businesses such as print media and the press, photography, advertising, cinema, broadcasting (radio and television), publishing.

The beginning of human communication through designed channels, i.e. not vocalization or gestures, dates back to ancient cave paintings, drawn maps, and writing.

    Analog telecommunications include some radio systems, historical telephony systems, and historical television broadcasts.

    Digital telecommunications allow for computer-mediated communication, telegraphy, and computer networks.

POLITICS

  The word comes from the same Greek word from which the title of Aristotle's book Politics (Πολιτικά, Polis) also derives; polis means "affairs of the cities".

  is the process of making decisions that apply to members of a group

It refers to achieving and exercising positions of governance—organized control over a human community, particularly a state.

In modern nation states, people have formed political parties to represent their ideas. They agree to take the same position on many issues, and agree to support the same changes to law and the same leaders.

Formal Politics refers to the operation of a constitutional system of government and publicly defined institutions and procedures.,Political parties, public policy or discussions about war and foreign affairs would fall under the category of Formal Politics. Many people view formal politics as something outside of themselves, but that can still affect their daily lives.

RELIGION and SPIRITUALITY

Religion (from O.Fr. religion religious community, from L. religionem (nom. religio) "respect for what is sacred, reverence for the gods", "obligation, the bond between man and the gods") is derived from the Latin.

Different religions may or may not contain various elements ranging from the divine, sacred things, faith, a supernatural being or supernatural beingsor "some sort of ultimacy and transcendence that will provide norms and power for the rest of life.

Spirituality refers to a religious process of re-formation which "aims to recover the original shape of man," oriented at "the image of God" as exemplified by the founders and sacred texts of the religions of the world

6 Main Differences Between Religion and Spirituality :

There are no rules to Spirituality. As opposed to following a specific ideology or a set of rules spirituality simply lets you follow your heart, it encourages you to listen to your intuition and do what is right for yourself and others around you.

Spirituality is based only on love and not fear. Dotted throughout religion there is lots of fear. Fear of the consequences of your actions, fear of what might happen after you die if you don’t live your life accordingly. Well, with spirituality there is only Love, it encourages you to focus all of your energy only on the good, and to act only based on love.

Religion tells you the truth – Spirituality lets you discover it. As opposed to telling you in black and white how the universe was created and why we are here, Spirituality lets you discover these questions and answers for yourself.

Religion separates, Spirituality unites. In our world, there are many religions and they all preach that their story is the right story. Spirituality sees the truth in all of them and unites them because the truth is same for all of us despite our differences and uniqueness. It focuses on the quality of the divine message they share and not on the differences in details of the story they speak.

The difference between Karma and Punishment. Instead of talking about punishment or the threat of hell, Spirituality only talks about Karma. It’s the Law of Attraction — you get what you give. Simple.

Walk your own path. Instead of ancients stories about angels and Gods, spirituality encourages you to make your own path and create your own stories. This sets you on a journey of enlightenment and self-discovery to which the only limits can be set by yourself.

SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY

Science (from Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge") is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.

Contemporary science is typically subdivided into the natural sciences which study nature in the broadest sense, the social sciences which study people and societies, and the formal sciences like mathematics which study abstract concepts.

Science in a broad sense existed before the modern era and in many historical civilizations. Modern science is distinct in its approach and successful in its results, so it now defines what science is in the strictest sense of the term.

he scientific method seeks to objectively explain the events of nature in a reproducible way.[i] An explanatory thought experiment or hypothesis is put forward as explanation using principles such as parsimony and are generally expected to seek consilience – fitting well with other accepted facts related to the phenomena. Experimentation is especially important in science to help establish causal relationships (to avoid the correlation fallacy)

Computational science applies computing power to simulate real-world situations, enabling a better understanding of scientific problems than formal mathematics alone can achieve. According to the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, computation is now as important as theory and experiment in advancing scientific knowledge.

Certainty and Science. A scientific theory is empirical and is always open to falsification if new evidence is presented. That is, no theory is ever considered strictly certain as science accepts the concept of fallibilism.[q] The philosopher of science Karl Popper sharply distinguished truth from certainty. He wrote that scientific knowledge "consists in the search for truth," but it "is not the search for certainty ... All human knowledge is fallible and therefore uncertain.

An area of study or speculation that masquerades as science in an attempt to claim a legitimacy that it would not otherwise be able to achieve is sometimes referred to as pseudoscience, fringe science, or junk science.

A Technology involve applications of science, bring the benefit for society.

"the use of science in industry, engineering, etc., to invent useful things or to solve problems"

Technology has many effects. Many technological processes produce unwanted by-products known as pollution and deplete natural resources to the detriment of Earth's environment. Innovations have always influenced the values of a society and raised new questions of the ethics of technology.

The word "technology" can also be used to refer to a collection of techniques.

 SPORTS

includes all forms of competitive physical activity or games which, through casual or organised participation, aim to use, maintain or improve physical ability and skills while providing enjoyment to participants, and in some cases, entertainment for spectators.

Sport is usually governed by a set of rules or customs, which serve to ensure fair competition, and allow consistent adjudication of the winner. Winning can be determined by physical events such as scoring goals or crossing a line first. It can also be determined by judges who are scoring elements of the sporting performance, including objective or subjective measures such as technical performance or artistic impression.

Criteria :

> have an element of competition

> be in no way harmful to any living creature

>not rely on equipment provided by a single supplier (excluding proprietary games such as arena football)

>not rely on any "luck" element specifically designed into the sport.

There are opposing views on the necessity of competition as a defining element of a sport, with almost all professional sport involving competition, and governing bodies requiring competition as a prerequisite of recognition by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) or SportAccord.

Specatator Involvement

The competition element of sport, along with the aesthetic appeal of some sports, result in the popularity of people attending to watch sport being played. This has led to the specific phenomenon of spectator sport. Both amateur and professional sports attract spectators, both in person at the sport venue, and through broadcast media including radio, television and internet broadcast.

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